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Motorcycle hooliganism
Motorcycle hooliganism includes street racing, street stunting, and games of tag on public roads, or simply cruising, often in very large numbers, against local ordinances.
==Demographics==
Historian Jeremy Packer wrote that the newest motorcycle "gangs" are unlike the outlaw motorcycle clubs widely reported in the media since the late 1940s.〔 They now ride sport bikes, often customized in the streetfighter style, rather than cruisers, passing through both rural and urban areas, playing "elaborate games of tag and follow the leader, continually pushing each other to ride harder."〔 Besides being younger and favoring high-performance motorcycles, these groups are "loosely affiliated and come together mostly to ride."〔 Traditional outlaw motorcycle clubs are known for having detailed charters and membership lists, prescribing codes of behavior, dress, type and brand of motorcycle members may ride, and vigorously enforcing procedures for admitting new members, banishing members who break club rules, and protecting the club's territory and name from anyone falsely pretending to be a member.
Packer wrote in 2008 that media attention, such as the popular A&E television documentary ''The Wild Ride of the Outlaw Bikers'' (1999)〔http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0800269/〕 and the Guggenheim show The Art of the Motorcycle, erroneously only covered the baby boomer Harley-Davidson rider culture, failing to note a shift in demographics, bikes, and behavior.〔Packer (2008) pp 153-154〕 Packer said this promotes the Harley-Davidson brand and promotes "a type of motorcycle affiliation that is palatable, family friendly, and marketable" as part of a narrative that outlaw bikers, "though once a dangerous element, are now a useful and even valuable part of society."〔 ''The StarPhoenix'' of Saskatoon wrote that the new marketing push to "transform motorcycling into an acceptable, mainstream pastime" has led to young riders rebelling.〔
In Los Angeles and New York City, some affluent urban motorcycle owners are self-described hooligans, or display motorcycles described as "hooligan chic" and an "object of fetish consumerism."〔Packer (2008) p. 154〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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